Antifilarial diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis leaves growing in high altitude areas of Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Lymphatic filariasis continues to be a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. A macrofilaricidal agent capable of eliminating adult filarial parasites is urgently needed. Platyphyllenone (A), alusenone (B), hirustenone (C), and hirsutanonol (D) are important biologically active diarylheptanoids present in A. nepalensis. In the present study, we report the antifilarial activity in diarylheptanoids isolated from the leaves of Alnus nepalensis. Out of four compounds (A-D) tested in vitro one has shown promising anti-filarial activity both in vitro and in vivo studies. This is the first ever report on antifilarial efficacy of a compound of the plant and warrants further studies around this scaffold. In addition, a sensitive, selective and robust densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for the above four biomarker compounds. The separation was performed on silica gel 60F254 high-performance thin layer chromatography plates using chloroform: methanol (9:1 v/v) as mobile phase. The quantitation of marker compounds was carried out using densitometric reflection/absorption mode at 600 nm after post-chromatographic derivatization using vanillin–sulfuric acid reagent. The method was validated for peak purity, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) etc., as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.