Design and development of Nano-Sized Formulations of oral delivery of Insulin and C-Peptide

Abstract

Statistical epidemiology and economic burden of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes will be the seventh foremost reason of death in 2030 due to an exponential increase in affected peoples from 347 million adults in 2015 to 400 million adults by 2030 as per WHO database. The global economic burden caused by diabetes is rising massively due to very complicate management of the disease. The estimated global healthcare expenditure behind diabetes treatment without including indirect cost such as lost work time, has arrived to 548 billion U.S. dollar (USD) in 2013 which is expected to increase to 627 billion USD in 2035 [1]. These account approximately 12% of the world’s total health expenditure with on an average 1330 USD to be spent on each diabetic person as an anticipated per capita health expenditure [2]. There remains a great discrepancy in health expenses for diabetes among developed and developing countries from 198.0 billion USD to 1.3 million USD, respectively. The highest total expenditure, 57.2% of global expenditure, will be spend by United States of America whilst India, the country with the largest number of people affected with diabetes will spend an estimated 2.8 billion USD which is less than 1% of the world’s total expenditure. According to the trend it is estimated that Asia will contribute more than 60% of the world’s diabetic population. The high prevalence of diabetes in Asians compared to other European countries recently posed an interesting mysterious question in minds of Asian scientists to search for. The investigation postulate multiple factors to be responsible such as strong ethnic and genetic inclination towards diabetes, a lower thresholds for epigenetic risk factors, changing lifestyle and food intake due to socio-economic growth, industrialization and urbanization resulting in diabetes at early stage in children and adults both accompanied by lower body mass index and large waist circumference as compared to western population [3]. Consequently, complications of diabetes are becoming more common and raising economic burden in developing Asian countries with poor strata of society. This situation subjugates the national endeavours towards early and reliable diagnosis, efficacious treatment and preventive measures against diabetes.